The report's authors warn that this situation casts a severe doubt on the credibility of the scientific output of the key body responsible for food safety at the EU, with the agency issuing recommendations and risk assessments on crucial public health issues such as food additives, packaging, GMOs, contaminants, and pesticides.

The main loophole identified in EFSA's new rules for assessing its experts' interests is that the assessment is too narrow, mainly looking at the panel's specific remit to determine whether there are conflicts of interest. Instead, the report's authors argue, the agency should consider experts' wider conflicts of interest, in line with EFSA's broader mandate to guarantee that its decisions remain independent from the industry it regulates. CEO charges that the agency's current approach enables dozens of experts with multiple commercial interests (such as consultancy contracts and research funding) to be granted full membership on EFSA panels, including a majority of panel chairs and vice-chairs.

Stéphane Horel, the report's primary author, said: “Even without checking for undeclared interests, the number of conflicts of interest in this agency is very worrying. Experts with conflicts of interest dominate all panels but one. We found that the bulk of conflicts are from research funding and private consultancy contracts, but certain crucial institutions for scientists (scientific societies, journals) are also targeted by industry lobbying, and EFSA seems to ignore this.”

The report also asserts that EFSA failed to properly implement its own new rules in several instances, and that there is no visible difference between panels assembled under the new policy and those composed using the old policy.

Martin Pigeon, a researcher and campaigner at Corporate Europe Observatory, said: “Despite indications of a new willingness to tackle the problem, EFSA seems not to have learned from its previous mistakes. There are specific cases the agency was warned about years ago which remain a problem. The system in place is very resource-intensive, yet its flaws prevent it from keeping industry interests at bay. EFSA is also paying the price of EU and national research policy flaws, but it should not use this as an excuse to allow such a situation to persist. It must defend the public interest.”

CEO officials added that the report provides short-, medium- and long-term recommendations that, if implemented, could help design a system that is more resistant to commercial pressures and closer to normal scientific practice.