The legislation would also prohibit marketing and advertising covered products to children and would restore the U.S. Federal Trade Commission's authority to regulate advertising targeting children, which was removed in 1980. Advertising covered products to children, or advertising without required warning labels, would be treated as an unfair or deceptive trade practice.

Additionally, the bill would direct the U.S. National Institutes of Health to expand research on nutrition science, including the health effects of ultra-processed foods (UPFs), and require the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to develop a national public education campaign on nutrition and the new warning labels.

Sen. Sanders said the legislation is intended to address rising rates of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes by limiting children's exposure to unhealthy foods and improving consumer awareness through labeling requirements.