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Home » Authors » Hal King Ph.D.
Hal King Ph.D.

Hal King Ph.D.

Hal King, Ph.D. is Managing Partner of Active Food Safety, www.activefoodsafety.com, and a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Food Safety Magazine. He can be reached at halking@activefoodsafety.com.

Articles

ARTICLES

Manager and Employee

Beyond the Audit Score: Using Contributing Factors to Predict Foodborne Illness Risk in Restaurants

The restaurant industry has an opportunity to change how it uses restaurant audit data to enable more foodborne illness risk intelligence
Hal King
Hal King Ph.D.
August 11, 2026

Most restaurant brands already collect enough third-party audit data to understand risk better, but the data are usually trapped in a compliance framework. The problem is not a lack of data; it is that the data are organized around checklist completion rather than outbreak causation. 


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The image shows a person working on food preparation, likely in a commercial kitchen setting.

A Roadmap to Deliver Food Safety Excellence in Retail Foodservice

Food safety management of foodborne disease risk must go beyond regulatory compliance
Hal King
Hal King Ph.D.
October 15, 2025

The retail foodservice industry’s challenge in preventing foodborne illness comes from gaps in prevention—i.e., the interpretation, implementation, and execution of existing knowledge about root causes and hazards controls.


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restaurant manager talking to servers

The Synergy Between Food Safety Management and Food Safety Culture in the Governance of Food Safety

Both food safety culture and food safety management matter, and alignment between them at the operational level is essential to success
Hal King
Hal King Ph.D.
August 18, 2025

This article examines the common elements and synergies between food safety culture and food safety management, and how to leverage both food industry needs.  


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man taking order in a fast food restaurant

Proactive Allergen Prevention in the Foodservice Industry

The primary controls to prevent undeclared allergens must start in the supply chain and continue in the foodservice establishment, using multiple elements to prevent the hazard
Hal King
Hal King Ph.D.
Steven Lyon
Steven A. Lyon Ph.D.
February 11, 2025

This article discusses how to prevent allergen cross-contamination in a foodservice environment, with expert guidance on methods and best practices from food safety experts and business leaders from the retail foodservice sector. 


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foodDelivery.jpg

Digital Transformation of Foodservice: Potential Contributing Factors for Foodborne Illness Outbreaks

The integration of technology to meet higher demands on the foodservice business due to the large number of digital orders also offers significant opportunities to enhance food safety
Hal King
Hal King Ph.D.
April 15, 2024

This article explores the consumer-driven digital transformation of foodservice, including off-premise delivery, ghost kitchens, and mail-order foods. These new food models are characterized by potentially higher food safety risks and low regulation, raising questions about how to move forward safely. 


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sanitation

New Uses for Existing Technologies to Reduce the Risk of Persistent Pathogens on Surfaces in Retail Foodservice

The need remains for a continuous means of sanitizing and disinfecting high-touch and other environmental surfaces where persistent microbial pathogens can be found
Hal King
Hal King Ph.D.
James Marsden Ph.D.
June 12, 2023

New uses for existing technologies are being deployed in foodservice establishments to prevent persistent pathogens like Salmonella, and viral pathogens like norovirus and Hepatitis A, on surfaces where continuous sanitation and disinfection is needed. 


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check dicing vegetables

The Importance of Third-Party Gap Assessment for a Food Safety Management Program

An unbiased gap assessment of a foodservice business' FSMP should be performed by a third party, using a defined set of standards for each business function
Hal King
Hal King Ph.D.
April 10, 2023

The food safety management program in a foodservice business should be periodically benchmarked against the most current regulatory requirements and best-in-class food safety standards to determine if gaps exist in the program. The gap analysis should be performed by a third party to ensure an unbiased benchmark, and include a review of the corporate governance, systems/specifications, training/education, supply chain management, foodservice operations, and facilities design. The food safety management team should coordinate and review all deficiencies with an action plan prioritized to the level of risk identified.


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foodservice

Sanitation Prerequisite Programs as a Necessary Component of FSMS for Foodservice Establishments

It is imperative that a paradigm shift happens now in how risk is managed in foodservice establishments
Hal King
Hal King Ph.D.
October 11, 2022

It is imperative that we have an immediate paradigm shift in how we manage risk in foodservice establishments to significantly decrease the health and economic burden of foodborne illnesses. This article discusses how to develop a prerequisite program that can be used to train and be monitored via a Food Safety Management System (FSMS) in a foodservice establishment.


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Food Service

Off-Premises Dining Safety in the Restaurant and Foodservice Business

Does the food industry’s responsibility stop at the customers’ front door?
Hal King
Hal King Ph.D.
June 17, 2021
Food safety concerns of off-premises sales for restaurants are the food safety risks associated with food preparation and the additional risk of keeping the food safe after the food has been prepared.
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Breaking the Chain of Infectious Disease Transmission in a Retail Foodservice Business

Hal King
Hal King Ph.D.
August 17, 2020
Only when the most effective controls are consistently deployed will significant reduction in infectious diseases in retail foodservice businesses occur.
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November 17, 2026

Are You Getting the Most from Your Food Safety Testing?

Live: November 17, 2026 at 11:00 am EST: Attend this webinar to explore practical ways food processors can modernize sanitation verification and microbiological testing while keeping workflows simple and effective.

December 2, 2026

Beyond Surface Clean: Tackling Biofilms and Persistent Pathogens

Live: December 2, 2026 at 11:00 am EST: Attend this webinar to understand why chlorine dioxide is not chlorine, and what “ultra-pure” means for residues, byproducts, and effectiveness.

December 3, 2026

How to Use AI to Improve Workforce Training

Live: December 3, 2026 at 11:00 am EST: This webinar will cover best practices for reviewing, refining, and governing AI-generated training content for accuracy and consistency.

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